[Author: Liu Xiufang, former secretary-general of the Fujian Canning Industry Association. This article was published in 2005]
Fujian Province is located on the southeast coast, surrounded by mountains and the sea, with a long coastline, many external ports, and convenient transportation. Spanning the southern subtropical and central subtropical zones, it has a mild climate, abundant rainfall, vast sea area, good ecological environment, and rich mountain and sea resources. Agricultural planting and aquaculture are relatively developed, and fruit, vegetable and aquatic resources are abundant. Fujian Province faces Taiwan and is close to Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asia. It is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese and is conducive to the introduction of technology, capital, equipment and management experience.
1. History of canned industry production in Fujian Province
The canned food industry in Fujian Province started early. In 1908, a group of patriots and overseas Chinese in Fujian, with a sincere heart to save the country through industry and revitalize China, raised funds to set up a Taohua canning factory in Neichuowo, Gulangyu Island, Xiamen, introduced some American canning processing equipment, and produced coriander hearts and coriander hearts with local flavors in southern Fujian. Canned foods such as black bean sauce and pickled melon are exported to Hong Kong and Southeast Asia. The products are very popular among Hong Kong and overseas Chinese. In 1913, with the funding of Mr. Tan Kah Kee, the patriotic overseas Chinese leader, Datong Cannery was founded in Hutoushan, Xiamen City. In 1924, Zhaohe Cannery was founded in Gulangyu Island, Xiamen. Three canneries form a tripartite force. In 1927, Taohua, Datong, and Zhaohe factories merged to form Taohua Datong Co., Ltd. cannery. In 1930, advanced equipment such as a 6-head sealing machine, automatic punching machine, and corrugated iron cutting machine were introduced, and the company actively developed local specialty resources in southern Fujian and expanded the production of more than 20 kinds of canned vegetables, fruits, aquatic products, meat and poultry with local flavor, which were marketed in Hong Kong and Throughout Southeast Asia, the annual output reaches more than 500 tons. The product has won the Panama Competition Award, and its trademark has a shield. Due to the Japanese invasion and social unrest, foreign canned foods were dumped in large quantities, and the Taohua Datong Co., Ltd. cannery finally closed down in 1937.
In the early 1920s, the Milo Canning Factory was opened in Fuzhou, mainly producing canned fruits and aquatic products, with an annual output of about 200 tons. It later closed down in 1925 due to poor management. In 1930, some employees of the former Milo Cannery jointly founded the Fuzhou Ougang Cannery. Soon, due to internal differences in opinions, three canneries in the form of small workshops were separated. Among them, the Wanyousheng Cannery developed rapidly. From 1931 to In 1937, it produced canned fruits and vegetables and exported them to Hong Kong and Southeast Asia. Later, due to the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the supply of tinplate was interrupted and it was forced to stop production and switched to producing a small amount of canned condensed milk for domestic sales.
In 1954, the Xiamen Cannery Factory began to be restored. In 1956, Fuzhou Cannery and Putian Cannery were founded. After 1958, Zhangzhou Cannery and Sansha Fishery Company Cannery were founded. Founded Quanzhou Cannery in 1972. In 1966, Fuzhou Cannery first developed and produced canned mushrooms. In 1967, the first batch of 31 tons of canned mushrooms was successfully exported on a trial basis. In 1972, Fuzhou Cannery registered low-acid canned food with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 1975, Quanzhou Cannery Factory first developed and produced canned asparagus. In 1978, Xiamen Cannery, Zhangzhou Cannery, Putian Cannery and Quanzhou Cannery registered low-acid canned food with the US FDA.
During the "Cultural Revolution", the output of canned food in Fujian Province hovered around 14,000 tons. In 1970, some canneries once switched to electronic production, and canned production dropped to about 12,000 tons. After the "Cultural Revolution", the canning industry was reborn. Especially after the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, due to the implementation of rural economic policies, agricultural and sideline products grew rapidly, promoting the development of the canned industry. The canning industry has developed rapidly from small to large, with factories from few to many.
During the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" (1981-1985), the province's total industrial output value was 1,450.41 million yuan based on constant installment prices, and the total canned output was 460,205 tons. The export volume was 305,141 tons, earning US$333.6192 million in foreign exchange, including 230,856 tons of canned mushrooms, earning US$260.3812 million in foreign exchange; the export volume of canned asparagus was 3,792 tons, earning US$5.2036 million in foreign exchange. During the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" period, the internationally advanced high-frequency resistance welding can-making machine (ABM250, can-making speed 300 cans/min) from the 1980s was introduced, and new processes and technologies such as microcomputer automatic control sterilization and instrument control were adopted. In 1983, the cannery of Sansha Fishery Company and the cannery of Ningde District registered low-acid canned food with the US FDA. During the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" period, the canned food industry achieved tax profits of nearly 140 million yuan, which was 1.4 times the state's investment in the canned food industry that year.
In 1985, there were 24 domestic and foreign canning factories under the management of the light industry system, 18 of which were responsible for the production of cans for export. The production capacity at the end of the year was 138,000 tons, with more than 150 canned product varieties and more than 300 specifications. The province's canned industry has a total output value of 404.35 million yuan and a total output of 133,115 tons, accounting for 9.34% of the country. Among them, the actual export volume is 69,344 tons and the foreign exchange earnings are 71.6611 million US dollars. The total output of canned goods ranks second in the country, and the export of canned goods ranks first. Among them, the export volume of canned mushrooms is 56,358 tons, ranking first in the country, and canned asparagus ranks second with 2,064 tons.
During the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period (1986-1990), based on constant prices in installments, the province's total output value of the canned industry was 2,032.69 million yuan, and the total canned output was 784,087 tons. The actual export volume of canned goods was 401,591.47 tons, earning US$481.1091 million in foreign exchange, of which the export volume of canned mushrooms was 245,184.83 tons, earning US$292.2529 million in foreign exchange, and the export volume of canned asparagus was 83507.26 tons, earning US$109.2842 million in foreign exchange. During the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, the canned industry achieved tax profits of nearly 120 million yuan, which was 14.3 times the national investment in the canned industry that year. From 1949 to 1990, the canned food industry paid a total of 570 million yuan in taxes and profits, nearly three times the national fixed asset investment. Canned products have become one of the main sources of foreign exchange earnings from exports in Fujian Province, helping farmers get rid of poverty and become prosperous, and have made significant contributions to the development of the national economy of our province.
Fujian Narcissus brand canned food (created by Xiamen Cannery Factory and registered with foreign trade) is a famous and high-quality product with local characteristics that is well-known both at home and abroad. It is known for its fine selection of ingredients, good quality and unique flavor. Xiamen Cannery's mushroom meat sauce, Fuzhou Cannery's mushrooms, pork knuckles, braised pork ribs, and Fujian Province's canned fresh mushrooms all enjoy a good reputation internationally, and their products are sold in more than 100 countries and regions. Narcissus brand canned bean sprouts and canned longan in sugar water have won the gold medal of the International Gastronomy and Tourism Council; canned mushroom meat sauce, canned lychee in sugar water, and 425g canned whole mushrooms have won the national silver medal; fresh lychee juice and fresh asparagus juice Four kinds of beverage cans, including honey tremella juice, fresh water chestnut juice, etc., were rated as top quality products. They were also rated as outstanding new product awards and provincial outstanding packaging and decoration awards by the State Economic Commission; 18 other products were rated as provincial quality products. Xiamen Cannery Factory and Zhangzhou Cannery Factory won the Quality Management Award from the Ministry of Light Industry in 1986 and 1988 respectively.
In 1990, there were 151 canning companies in Fujian Province. There are 60 domestic and foreign canning factories managed by the light industry system, with a production capacity of 188,000 tons at the end of the year. There are 30 companies responsible for the production of export cans (15 of them, including Zishan Can Factory, are newly approved export can factories by the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and the State Administration of Commodity Inspection). The total output value of the province's canned industry is 811.21 million yuan, and the total canned output is 144,101 tons, accounting for 9.19% of the country. Among them, canned mushrooms reach 76,461 tons, accounting for 69.13% of the country. The output of canned asparagus is 19,300 tons, accounting for 42.61% of the country, both ranking first in the country. . Exported 78,305 tons of canned goods, earning US$104.76 million in foreign exchange. Due to the automatic detention order imposed by the United States on Chinese canned mushrooms, 15 of 26 companies lost money in 1990, with losses as high as 55.99 million yuan.
In February 1989, a food poisoning incident occurred in the United States. The US FDA stated that it was caused by staphylococcal enterotoxin contained in canned mushrooms exported from China to the United States. On October 13, the US FDA officially issued an "Import Alert", notifying local offices to automatically detain canned mushrooms and barreled salted mushrooms of various specifications from various canneries in my country, and reprocessing and sampling is not allowed. In order to strive for the U.S. FDA to lift its automatic detention order on Chinese canned mushrooms as soon as possible and resume exports of canned mushrooms from our province to the United States as soon as possible, under the leadership of the provincial government, the industry, trade, and inspection agencies worked closely together to organize seven canning factories exporting to the United States to carry out mushroom inspections. Investigation of sources of staphylococcal enterotoxin contamination in canned food. In November, the Provincial Light Industry, Commodity Inspection, and Microbiology Research Institute formed a test team to conduct a test to explore the source of Staphylococcus aureus contamination at the Fu'an Cannery Factory. After the Provincial Foreign Economic and Trade Commission obtained the consent of the Ministry of Economic and Trade, the provincial government decided to hire the American PHF Technical Consulting Company through Tianyuan Products Company to inspect and guide the production of canned mushrooms in our province. From November 1989 to 1993, the US FDA came to Fujian twice and the US PHF technical consulting company came to Fujian six times to conduct comprehensive inspections and guidance on mushroom cultivation, acquisition, transportation, processing and scientific research. Industry, trade, inspection (mainly light industry) and seven canneries exporting to the United States have made serious and arduous rectifications based on the opinions of FDA and PHF. Formulated the "Basic Requirements for Standardized Mushroom Production"; "Hygienic Cleaning and Disinfection Procedures and Methods for Canned Can Workshops"; formulated and unified the original records of canned food in the province (ten forms are available in Chinese and English); each factory also conducted separate inspections for operators Training on how to fill in original records; several sterilization, sealing and safety and health training courses (including safety and health training for new factory directors); each factory also formulated good operating practices, hazard analysis and critical control points HACCP. Production facilities that did not meet hygienic requirements were replaced, the processing technology was reformed, high-temperature and short-time sterilization processes were fully implemented, and automatic recorders were installed in all sterilizing pots. Some companies have installed automatic control devices for the sterilization constant temperature process, and conducted heat distribution measurements on all sterilizing pots in factories with export canning codes in the province.
In March 1990, canned mushrooms from Xiamen cannery entered the United States after being audited by the US PhF for production, sealing, sterilization and other original records. Subsequently, canned mushrooms from Putian, Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, Ningde, Sansha and Fuzhou canneries were successively audited and produced by PHF. After the original records of sealing, sterilization, etc., it was gradually entered into the United States. In 1993, production and exports returned to historical levels. From 1994 to 1995, 130,000 tons of canned mushrooms were processed and exported. In the 1995-1996 production season, 179,000 tons of canned mushrooms were produced, reaching a record high. The conditional release of canned mushrooms was maintained until 1998 when the U.S. Department of Commerce ruled on the anti-dumping case of canned mushrooms in China and imposed anti-dumping duties ranging from 126.16% to 198.63%.
In January 1998, the U.S. FDA came to Fujian again to inspect 11 U.S.-registered factories in Ningde, Putian, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zishan, and Pinghe. So far, the US FDA has visited Fujian six times, namely in November 1981, November 1984, November 1987, March 1990, the end of February 1992 and the beginning of February 3rd, 1998, and January 1998. The U.S. FDA did not lift the automatic detention order on Chinese canned mushrooms until March 2003, which lasted for 13 years and five months.
During the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" (1991-1995), the province's total output value of the canned industry was 3,291.25 million yuan, and the total canned output was 1,422,406 tons, accounting for 12% of the national canned 11,855,264 tons. The export delivery volume of canned goods was 316,810 tons, with a delivery value of 3,101.8 million yuan (converted to US$568.7891 million based on the exchange rate of the year). Among them, the delivery volume of canned mushrooms was 280,340 tons, with an export delivery value of 2,210.43 million yuan (converted to US$403,381,800 at the current exchange rate). The delivery volume of canned asparagus was 40,044 tons, with a delivery value of 336.27 million yuan (converted to US$62,878,300 at the current exchange rate). .)
In 1991, Nanjing Cannery Factory registered low-acid canned food with the US FDA.
From 1990 to 1992, he was entrusted by the Ministry of Light Industry to draft 10 canned industry product standards: mushroom meat paste, lychee in sugar water, coriander hearts, pork knuckles with mushrooms, five-spice diced pork, longan in sugar water, lychee juice, mung bean sprouts, braised pork ribs, and loquat in sugar water ( Nationwide). The "Requirements for New Export Canning Factories to Become Regular" were formulated and 15 temporary code-named export canning factories were assessed based on this to help new factories improve their basic management work and continuously improve the company's finished product qualification rate and export qualification rate.
In 1995, there were 253 canneries in Fujian Province, of which 43 were responsible for producing cans for export. The total output value of the province's canned industry is 2.15028 billion yuan (calculated at the same price as originally stipulated in 1990). The total canned output is 456,400 tons, accounting for 14.70% of the country's total canned output. The province's canned export (inspection) volume is 155,600 tons, of which The export (inspection) volume of canned mushrooms was 112,900 tons, accounting for 28.23% of the world trade volume of 400,000 tons, and the export (inspection) volume of canned asparagus was 27,400 tons, accounting for 18.27% of the world trade volume of 150,000 tons.
During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" (1996-2000), the total industrial output value of the canned industry at township level and above in the province was 11.614 billion yuan, and the total canned output was 1.7993 million tons, accounting for 17.29% of the national canned output of 10.4094 million tons. The export (inspection) volume of canned food was 880,700 tons, of which the export (inspection) volume of canned mushrooms was 548,800 tons and the export (inspection) volume of canned asparagus was 171,800 tons.
On September 29, 1997, the court ruled that Fuzhou Cannery was bankrupt. Except for the Xiamen and Putian canneries, the remaining state-owned export canneries are either contracted to individuals or leased.
In December 1998, the U.S. Department of Commerce made a final ruling on the anti-dumping case against China's canned mushrooms, ruling that China's dumping was established and levying anti-dumping duties of 126.16% to 198.63% on the canned mushrooms exported by Chinese domestic enterprises. After my country's anti-dumping response to canned mushrooms failed in 1999, exports of canned mushrooms from our province to the United States almost stopped.
In 1999, we were entrusted by the State Administration of Light Industry to draft national standards for canned mushroom products.
In 2000, the total output value of the province's canned industry was 2.573 billion yuan, and the total canned output was 267,800 tons, accounting for 15.03% of the country's total canned goods.
In the four years from 2001 to 2004, the province's canned industry achieved a total output value of approximately 14.8 billion yuan, with a total canned output of 1.7001 million tons, accounting for 17.53% of the country's total canned output of 9.6985 million tons. The actual export volume of canned goods was 1.1244 million tons, accounting for 18.79% of the country's total canned export volume of 5.9832 million tons, and earned US$867.9065 million in foreign exchange. Among them, the export volume of canned mushrooms was 485,500 tons, earning US$375.2528 million in foreign exchange, and the export volume of canned asparagus was 146,700 tons, earning US$139.3626 million in foreign exchange.
From 2000 to 2001, the Sansha Fishery Company cannery, Fu'an cannery, and Ningde regional cannery were closed one after another. Except for the Xiamen Canning Factory, most of the state-owned canning enterprises have gradually withdrawn from the canning industry. Of the 15 export canning factories approved in 1990, only two canning factories, Zishan and Longhai Linxia Forest Farm, were left. Some private enterprises also closed down one after another. In 2005, Zhangzhou Canned Food Factory also closed down. At this point, the mainly state-owned canneries in our province have become mainly privately owned.
In 2001, two companies in our province successfully appealed against anti-dumping cases on canned mushrooms exported to the United States. In 2001, the U.S. Department of Commerce decided to restrict the import and export of Chinese grain, oil and food products.The import company’s mushroom tariff will be set at zero starting from February 1, 2001. Because Fujian Yuxing Fruit and Vegetable Development Co., Ltd. is a holding company of China Cereals, Oils and Foods Import and Export Corporation, it also enjoys zero tariff treatment. On August 28, 2001, the U.S. Department of Commerce issued an announcement and decided to set the mushroom tariff of Lvxian Company (a self-operated export company established by Longhai Lvbao Food Co., Ltd.) at 19.87%. This makes the company one of the companies with lower tax rates for exporting mushrooms from my country to the United States. Fujian Yuxing Fruit and Vegetable Food Development Co., Ltd. is the largest mushroom production and export enterprise in the country. In the 2003-2004 production season, it produced more than 28,000 tons of canned mushrooms. Its products accounted for 30% of the U.S. market. With the export volume to the United States, During the review in 2004, the U.S. Department of Commerce originally planned to impose a higher tariff, but after China Cereals, Oils, Foodstuffs Import and Export Corporation actively responded to the appeal, it was finally set at 3.92%. During the review in 2005, China Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs Import and Export Corporation made another effort and finally set the tariff at 1.5%.
On April 5, 2005, Australian Customs announced an anti-dumping investigation into canned mushrooms imported from China. Xiamen Cannery and Fujian Zishan Group Co., Ltd. actively responded to the lawsuit.
2. Current status and characteristics of canning industry in Fujian Province
The canned industry in our province has developed rapidly. In 1954, it only produced 252 tons of cans. In the 40 years to 1994, a total of 2.678 million tons of cans were produced. By 2004, a total of 6.6438 million tons of cans were produced. In the ten years from 1994 to 2004, a total of 3.9658 million cans were produced. tons is 1.48 times that of the previous 40 years. For many years, our province's canned exports have ranked first in the country. In particular, canned mushroom exports account for about 80% of the country's total, and canned asparagus exports have also ranked first in the country for many years. Our province's products have a wide range of sales and are mainly sold to more than 120 countries and regions in six continents including Asia, Europe and America.
In 2004, there were 104 canning enterprises above designated size in the province, and 48 canning enterprises had code names. The main body of the enterprise is a private enterprise. The main products are canned mushrooms and other edible fungi, canned asparagus, and canned water bamboo shoots. The province's total canned production in 2004 was 633,100 tons, an increase of 32.61% over 2003. The export volume of canned food was 359,000 tons, ranking second in the country after Xinjiang (363,000 tons). Among them, canned mushrooms exported nearly 210,000 tons, ranking first in the country, canned asparagus 37,400 tons, canned bamboo shoots 46,100 tons, canned lychees 15,000 tons, and canned pork 12,700 tons. Companies with an annual output of more than 10,000 tons include Xiamen Yinlu Food Co., Ltd., Xiamen Canned Food Co., Ltd., Fujian Zishan Group Co., Ltd., Fujian Yuxing Fruit and Vegetable Food Development Co., Ltd., Pinghe Baofeng Canned Food Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou Gangchang Food Co., Ltd., There are 10 companies including Zhangzhou Lixing Canned Food Co., Ltd., Longhai Lubao Food Co., Ltd., Jinfa Food Industry (Longhai) Co., Ltd., and Fujian Jinfa Industrial Co., Ltd.
The main features of the canned industry in our province are:
1. Pay attention to the construction of raw material bases
Since 1966, the provincial government, prefecture (city) and county authorities have attached great importance to the construction of raw material bases, made full use of natural and geographical advantages, and formulated a series of economic policies to support the development of mushroom and asparagus production and a set of scientific development methods to make mushrooms and asparagus Canned asparagus has achieved sustained and stable development. The province's mushroom cultivation area has expanded to more than 30 million square meters, with an average yield of nearly 10㎏/㎡. The output of canned mushrooms is nearly 210,000 tons, and the highest output of canned asparagus has reached 48,000 tons.
In 1981, the provincial government approved and forwarded the province's third mushroom production conference with Minzheng (1981) Document No. 375, and included mushroom planting area and canning processing in the special plan of the Provincial Planning Commission. At the same time, the province's mushroom production organization leading organization and a mushroom scientific research and technology promotion network at the provincial, prefectural (city) and county levels were established to solve scientific and technological funds, stipulate the extraction and use methods of mushroom technology improvement fees, and promote the improvement of bacterial strains. , unify, and implement intensive and factory-based mushroom cultivation on the basis of standardized cultivation. Mushroom raw materials implement a relatively fixed supply method of "slicing and fixed points". Each factory has set up a raw material base department to initiate and guide the production of raw materials within the designated points. In 1990, the standard complex for mushroom strains and canned mushrooms (Fujian Provincial Local Standard) was formulated, and won the first prize for provincial standard measurement technology progress. The standard includes 8 sub-standards including Agaricus bisporus strains, Agaricus bisporus cultivation procedures, fresh mushroom purchasing procedures, fresh mushrooms, canned mushrooms and empty cans technical procedures, canned mushrooms empty cans, canned mushrooms full cans, and canned mushrooms. , there are standards to follow from mushroom selection, cultivation, acquisition, processing, and finished products. On April 1, 1990, the Provincial People's Congress legislated and promulgated the "Fujian Province Mushroom Spawn Management Regulations", which brought the introduction, breeding, seed production, and seed supply into the legal track, reversing the chaotic situation of mushroom strains. Mushroom scientific research has jumped to the leading position in the country, and the selection and breeding technology has reached the international level. The mushroom strains selected and created by the mushroom strain promotion station in our province are the only strains with independent intellectual property rights among all strains in our province, and are currently the only ones grown nationwide. Common main strains of mushrooms. The breeding of excellent canned mushroom strains won the third prize of the National Technological Progress Award.
In order to encourage farmers to plant asparagus, the provincial government issued (80) Comprehensive Document No. 957 in the early 1980s to support asparagus production, which stipulated that within the first two years after planting, 1.2 kilograms of raw grain and chemical fertilizers would be rewarded for every kilogram of first-grade asparagus purchased. 6 taels, 1 jin of second-grade products, 8 taels of raw grain for sale as prizes, and 4 taels of chemical fertilizers (the grains and fertilizers for sale as prizes are all supplied at par prices), and loans will be provided to farmers in difficulty, and then installments will be made within 3 years after the asparagus is purchased. Deducting asparagus from the payment for asparagus (this policy has been implemented for several years) has led to the continuous expansion of asparagus bases. At the most, the asparagus planting area in Dongshan County was 48,000 acres, and in Zhangpu County, it was 38,000 acres.
In addition, our province is also a key bamboo production area in the country. There are nearly 200 species of bamboos in 19 genera in the province, with a bamboo forest area of 13.41 million acres, ranking first in the country. In 2003, our province produced 1.5 million tons of fresh bamboo shoots, accounting for 62.5% of the country's 2.4 million tons. It is also rich in citrus, longan, lychee, loquat, olive, etc. The fruit area and output both rank sixth in the country. The per capita fruit possession is 2.2 times the national average, ranking second in the country. From the 1960s to the mid-1970s, the Provincial Planning Commission took the lead in organizing supply and marketing cooperatives, industry, transportation departments, foreign trade, etc. to be jointly responsible for the distribution of lychees, longans, raw materials, canned processing and export, which played a role in expanding the export of canned fruits, bamboo shoots, etc. enhancement.
In recent years, qualified companies have begun to cultivate their own raw material bases. For example, Zishan Group has started from the source and vigorously promoted "order farming". It has adopted the "company + base + farmers" business model and has successively established operations in Longhai, Zhangpu, Dongshan and other counties (cities) have established 19 production bases for mushrooms, asparagus, and shiitake mushrooms. Zishan Group Co., Ltd. has become the largest canned asparagus manufacturer in the country. In order to obtain stable and high-quality raw materials, Yinlu Food Co., Ltd. has successively opened order agricultural bases in Shandong, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Jianning County, Fujian, Ninghua, Jiangsu and other places across the country.
2. Rely on technological progress and strengthened management to improve the overall quality of the enterprise.
Since the introduction of the country's first high-frequency resistance welding machine (Swiss Soderoni) empty can production line, stand-alone machine and can lid manufacturing equipment with the internationally advanced level of the 1980s in the country in 1981, the whole industry has adopted high-frequency resistance welding. Production lines, by the 1990s, a total of 18 resistance welding production lines for large and small cans had been introduced. Some companies were also equipped with M16 and 600-850 can/min high-speed sealing machines, can lid waveform shearing machines, 35-ton, 45-ton can lid automatic Punch machines, automatic glue coating machines and glue baking equipment have brought the level of empty can manufacturing in our province to a higher level and ensured the sealing performance of cans. After the 1990s, professional can factories such as Tuping and Liantian, as well as Fujian Tongyi Tinplate Co., Ltd., emerged one after another, which fundamentally guaranteed the quality of empty cans in our province. The graders, precooking machines, and directional slicers used in mushroom production in the can workshop have been fully updated, and the use of vibration washing machines, steam injection glass bottle sealing machines, metal detectors, can drying production lines, automatic labeling machines and other equipment has been promoted. Xiamen Cannery has introduced internationally advanced luncheon meat production lines and automatic temperature-controlled frying equipment. The eight-treasure porridge production line of Xiamen Yinlu Food Co., Ltd. is the fastest production line in China. The main equipment is imported from Sweden, the United States and Taiwan. It has computerized automatic temperature control raw material finishing equipment, automatic can unloading machine, automatic feeding machine, and filling and sealing machine. Etc., from feeding, filling, sealing, automatic computer-controlled sterilization, to automatic cartoning, packaging and delivery are all automated and continuous. It adopts raw material canning and rolling sterilization new technology, and can produce 800 cans of eight-treasure porridge per minute. , becoming one of the largest eight-treasure porridge manufacturers in the country. Some companies, such as Fujian Yuxing Fruit, Vegetable and Food Development Co., Ltd., have introduced computer networks within the company and achieved integrated management of supply chain management, decision support, warehousing and logistics, and financial monitoring through software management. Since the 1990s, the canning industry in our province has comprehensively implemented GMP good operating practices, unified and standardized original records, implemented all-staff training for new export canning factories, reformed processing techniques, and adopted high-temperature and short-term sterilization processes. Many companies have adopted fully automatic control sterilization. device, and conduct heat distribution measurements on the sterilization pots of all code-named factories in the province. The vast majority of canning companies have passed ISO9000 series certification, SSOP, HACCP hazard analysis and critical control point certification or demonstration. Many companies have also passed various international certifications, such as the German IFS "International Food Supplier Standard" certification, the British BRC "British Retailer Product Standard" certification and SGS (Swiss General Notary Service, which is engaged in inspection, testing, quality assurance (a well-known international organization with certification) certification, etc., 33 canneries such as Yuxing, Xiacan, Pucan, Pinghe, and Lvbao are registered in the United States, 26 canneries such as Zishan and Longhai Jinfa are registered in the United States, and Xiamen Meat cans in cans, Zhang cans and Pu cans are registered in Singapore. Establish and improve the quality management system to continuously improve the overall quality of the enterprise. In 2002, three enterprises in our province, Xiamen Can Factory, Xiamen Yinlu Food Co., Ltd., and Zishan Group Co., Ltd., entered the top ten enterprises in China's canning industry.
3. Strive to create and enhance brand value
Brand has become the most important driving force for the development of corporate value. In order to find their own position in the domestic and international economic arena. Xiamen Cannery has been creating its own Cologne brand since 1994. In 2005, the "Gulong" brand meat cans were promoted to "China Famous Brand Products". The Cologne trademark has been registered in more than 60 countries (regions) and its products are sold in more than 80 countries. countries and regions. Xiamen Cannery has become the largest canned braised meat production plant in the country. Yinlu Food Co., Ltd.'s "Peanut Milk" and "Milk Peanut" won the title of "China Famous Brand Products", and the Yinlu trademark was recognized by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce as "China's Well-known Trademarks", "China's Top Ten Publicly Favorite Trademarks", and "National Key Protection" trademark". The "Zishan" trademark of Zishan Group Company was awarded the title of "Fujian Province Famous Trademark", and the Lantian brand of Fujian Yuxing Fruit and Vegetable Development Co., Ltd. has been successfully registered in the United States and has been sold in large quantities.
In recent years, low-price competition and vicious competition have become the "pain" of the industry. It has caused the industry's trade environment to continue to deteriorate, overall profits to be lost, corporate economic benefits to be low, equipment and products to be difficult to upgrade, and various technical barriers to trade around the world. Poor capabilities have also triggered endless anti-dumping in many countries, seriously affecting the stable and healthy development of the canned industry in our province. Therefore, it is crucial to formulate business rules and regulations, raise awareness of honest and law-abiding operations, create a good market order and an honest and trustworthy industry atmosphere, make it difficult for dishonest enterprises to operate, and build a relaxed and pleasant environment for survival and development. It is necessary to organize and guide enterprises to consciously abide by industry rules and regulations, and through full consultation, guide enterprises to jointly formulate and gradually take the initiative in pricing products. For some bad apples that undermine the principle of fair trade and harm the interests of the industry, it is recommended to establish a warning list of bad behaviors in the canned industry. And publish it on relevant websites and media.
2. Create a famous brand and establish an efficient marketing network
There are many small and medium-sized enterprises in the canned industry in our province, and the awareness of brand creation is weak. So far, our province's canned fruit and vegetable products (except for the "Gulong" brand) do not have their own famous brands and well-known trademarks, and they are basically sold under other people's brands. Enterprises have invested a lot of manpower and material resources, but only received a fraction of the profits. At the same time, they are controlled by others and leave their destiny in the hands of others. They have no say in the market, resulting in weak competitiveness of enterprises and products that can easily be replaced by other similar products. The inability to compete with foreign brand-name products is also related to the company's ability to upgrade. It is recommended that large enterprises should implement the famous brand strategy, create their own brands, shape a good image of the enterprise, change the quantity growth mode to the brand and value growth mode, use product innovation to extend the brand, make full use of the brand effect, and expand domestic and foreign markets. market share. Capable enterprises should directly participate in international competition, avoid and reduce intermediate links, and directly link up with large foreign customers and supermarkets. You can also form a trading company abroad through strong alliances between enterprises, and have your own territory in international competition, leaving you more room for survival and development.
3. Standardize the production of raw materials and recommend the establishment of a super-large fruit and vegetable (wholesale) trading center.
After the mid-1990s, the effective three-level network of provincial (city) and county strain promotion stations gradually disappeared. The "Mushroom Spawn and Canned Mushroom Complex" standard has not been revised after its expiration date. Agriculture is decentralized and it is difficult for individual farmers to bear the technical costs of improving agricultural products; raw materials are grown without GMP good cultivation practices, and finished product specifications are not standardized and standardized, making it difficult for the varieties, quality, and specifications of agricultural and sideline products to adapt to canned production and automated and continuous production. Need; without specialized agricultural product testing departments and testing instruments, it is unable to cope with the increasingly stringent requirements of the international market for food safety and hygiene, pesticide residues, heavy metal content, microbial indicators, and standards. At the same time, the processing industry and the planting industry cannot guarantee the supply of raw materials according to the needs of the market, which affects the production, sales and export of canned food, and restricts the development of the canned food industry. It is recommended that relevant departments should help farmers establish farmers' associations, and government departments should establish projects or encourage capable companies to establish international-level modern agricultural product logistics centers, namely super-large fruit and vegetable (wholesale) trading centers, in canned processing centers, and introduce advanced technology and equipment. Such as the introduction of controlled atmosphere fresh-keeping cold storage, fruit and vegetable photoelectric sorting lines, large LED displays, distribution centers and fruit and vegetable testing centers. The center or farmers' association can serve as a bridge between farmers and enterprises. On the one hand, it helps farmers establish pollution-free green production bases. On the other hand, it can directly provide canning enterprises with fresh, high-quality, uniform specifications, safe and hygienic agricultural and sideline products on time.
In view of the increasing international attention to the environmental factors of food origin and the intensified competition in the food industry, qualified enterprises should establish their own raw material bases, "make good use of the environment, produce good food", and implement standardized agricultural and standardized production. Solve the problem of raw materials for canning processing.
4. Increase investment in research and development to create comprehensive competitiveness of products and enterprises.
Currently, R&D investment by companies in developed countries such as Europe and the United States accounts for 15 to 20% of sales. However, the vast majority of canning companies in our province have no investment. Most companies do not have internal R&D centers, lack high-tech with independent intellectual property rights, and have homogeneous products. The industry is still dominated by canned mushrooms and asparagus. The production of various varieties is not automated and continuous. It does not have its own brand and has low ability to withstand market risks, which seriously affects the future competitiveness of canned companies in our province. Canned companies in our province should pay attention to investment in technological transformation, speed up the automation and continuity of production lines, pay attention to human capital, increase investment and intensity in research and development, enhance innovation and creative market capabilities, reserve upgraded products with good prospects, and improve product quality and added value. , reduce the production of low-end products with low prices and low profits, implement the famous brand strategy, and strive to build the comprehensive competitiveness of products and enterprises.
Fujian Province is located on the southeast coast, surrounded by mountains and the sea, with a long coastline, many external ports, and convenient transportation. Spanning the southern subtropical and central subtropical zones, it has a mild climate, abundant rainfall, vast sea area, good ecological environment, and rich mountain and sea resources. Agricultural planting and aquaculture are relatively developed, and fruit, vegetable and aquatic resources are abundant. Fujian Province faces Taiwan and is close to Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asia. It is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese and is conducive to the introduction of technology, capital, equipment and management experience.
1. History of canned industry production in Fujian Province
The canned food industry in Fujian Province started early. In 1908, a group of patriots and overseas Chinese in Fujian, with a sincere heart to save the country through industry and revitalize China, raised funds to set up a Taohua canning factory in Neichuowo, Gulangyu Island, Xiamen, introduced some American canning processing equipment, and produced coriander hearts and coriander hearts with local flavors in southern Fujian. Canned foods such as black bean sauce and pickled melon are exported to Hong Kong and Southeast Asia. The products are very popular among Hong Kong and overseas Chinese. In 1913, with the funding of Mr. Tan Kah Kee, the patriotic overseas Chinese leader, Datong Cannery was founded in Hutoushan, Xiamen City. In 1924, Zhaohe Cannery was founded in Gulangyu Island, Xiamen. Three canneries form a tripartite force. In 1927, Taohua, Datong, and Zhaohe factories merged to form Taohua Datong Co., Ltd. cannery. In 1930, advanced equipment such as a 6-head sealing machine, automatic punching machine, and corrugated iron cutting machine were introduced, and the company actively developed local specialty resources in southern Fujian and expanded the production of more than 20 kinds of canned vegetables, fruits, aquatic products, meat and poultry with local flavor, which were marketed in Hong Kong and Throughout Southeast Asia, the annual output reaches more than 500 tons. The product has won the Panama Competition Award, and its trademark has a shield. Due to the Japanese invasion and social unrest, foreign canned foods were dumped in large quantities, and the Taohua Datong Co., Ltd. cannery finally closed down in 1937.
In the early 1920s, the Milo Canning Factory was opened in Fuzhou, mainly producing canned fruits and aquatic products, with an annual output of about 200 tons. It later closed down in 1925 due to poor management. In 1930, some employees of the former Milo Cannery jointly founded the Fuzhou Ougang Cannery. Soon, due to internal differences in opinions, three canneries in the form of small workshops were separated. Among them, the Wanyousheng Cannery developed rapidly. From 1931 to In 1937, it produced canned fruits and vegetables and exported them to Hong Kong and Southeast Asia. Later, due to the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the supply of tinplate was interrupted and it was forced to stop production and switched to producing a small amount of canned condensed milk for domestic sales.
In 1954, the Xiamen Cannery Factory began to be restored. In 1956, Fuzhou Cannery and Putian Cannery were founded. After 1958, Zhangzhou Cannery and Sansha Fishery Company Cannery were founded. Founded Quanzhou Cannery in 1972. In 1966, Fuzhou Cannery first developed and produced canned mushrooms. In 1967, the first batch of 31 tons of canned mushrooms was successfully exported on a trial basis. In 1972, Fuzhou Cannery registered low-acid canned food with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 1975, Quanzhou Cannery Factory first developed and produced canned asparagus. In 1978, Xiamen Cannery, Zhangzhou Cannery, Putian Cannery and Quanzhou Cannery registered low-acid canned food with the US FDA.
During the "Cultural Revolution", the output of canned food in Fujian Province hovered around 14,000 tons. In 1970, some canneries once switched to electronic production, and canned production dropped to about 12,000 tons. After the "Cultural Revolution", the canning industry was reborn. Especially after the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, due to the implementation of rural economic policies, agricultural and sideline products grew rapidly, promoting the development of the canned industry. The canning industry has developed rapidly from small to large, with factories from few to many.
During the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" (1981-1985), the province's total industrial output value was 1,450.41 million yuan based on constant installment prices, and the total canned output was 460,205 tons. The export volume was 305,141 tons, earning US$333.6192 million in foreign exchange, including 230,856 tons of canned mushrooms, earning US$260.3812 million in foreign exchange; the export volume of canned asparagus was 3,792 tons, earning US$5.2036 million in foreign exchange. During the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" period, the internationally advanced high-frequency resistance welding can-making machine (ABM250, can-making speed 300 cans/min) from the 1980s was introduced, and new processes and technologies such as microcomputer automatic control sterilization and instrument control were adopted. In 1983, the cannery of Sansha Fishery Company and the cannery of Ningde District registered low-acid canned food with the US FDA. During the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" period, the canned food industry achieved tax profits of nearly 140 million yuan, which was 1.4 times the state's investment in the canned food industry that year.
In 1985, there were 24 domestic and foreign canning factories under the management of the light industry system, 18 of which were responsible for the production of cans for export. The production capacity at the end of the year was 138,000 tons, with more than 150 canned product varieties and more than 300 specifications. The province's canned industry has a total output value of 404.35 million yuan and a total output of 133,115 tons, accounting for 9.34% of the country. Among them, the actual export volume is 69,344 tons and the foreign exchange earnings are 71.6611 million US dollars. The total output of canned goods ranks second in the country, and the export of canned goods ranks first. Among them, the export volume of canned mushrooms is 56,358 tons, ranking first in the country, and canned asparagus ranks second with 2,064 tons.
During the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period (1986-1990), based on constant prices in installments, the province's total output value of the canned industry was 2,032.69 million yuan, and the total canned output was 784,087 tons. The actual export volume of canned goods was 401,591.47 tons, earning US$481.1091 million in foreign exchange, of which the export volume of canned mushrooms was 245,184.83 tons, earning US$292.2529 million in foreign exchange, and the export volume of canned asparagus was 83507.26 tons, earning US$109.2842 million in foreign exchange. During the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, the canned industry achieved tax profits of nearly 120 million yuan, which was 14.3 times the national investment in the canned industry that year. From 1949 to 1990, the canned food industry paid a total of 570 million yuan in taxes and profits, nearly three times the national fixed asset investment. Canned products have become one of the main sources of foreign exchange earnings from exports in Fujian Province, helping farmers get rid of poverty and become prosperous, and have made significant contributions to the development of the national economy of our province.
Fujian Narcissus brand canned food (created by Xiamen Cannery Factory and registered with foreign trade) is a famous and high-quality product with local characteristics that is well-known both at home and abroad. It is known for its fine selection of ingredients, good quality and unique flavor. Xiamen Cannery's mushroom meat sauce, Fuzhou Cannery's mushrooms, pork knuckles, braised pork ribs, and Fujian Province's canned fresh mushrooms all enjoy a good reputation internationally, and their products are sold in more than 100 countries and regions. Narcissus brand canned bean sprouts and canned longan in sugar water have won the gold medal of the International Gastronomy and Tourism Council; canned mushroom meat sauce, canned lychee in sugar water, and 425g canned whole mushrooms have won the national silver medal; fresh lychee juice and fresh asparagus juice Four kinds of beverage cans, including honey tremella juice, fresh water chestnut juice, etc., were rated as top quality products. They were also rated as outstanding new product awards and provincial outstanding packaging and decoration awards by the State Economic Commission; 18 other products were rated as provincial quality products. Xiamen Cannery Factory and Zhangzhou Cannery Factory won the Quality Management Award from the Ministry of Light Industry in 1986 and 1988 respectively.
In 1990, there were 151 canning companies in Fujian Province. There are 60 domestic and foreign canning factories managed by the light industry system, with a production capacity of 188,000 tons at the end of the year. There are 30 companies responsible for the production of export cans (15 of them, including Zishan Can Factory, are newly approved export can factories by the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and the State Administration of Commodity Inspection). The total output value of the province's canned industry is 811.21 million yuan, and the total canned output is 144,101 tons, accounting for 9.19% of the country. Among them, canned mushrooms reach 76,461 tons, accounting for 69.13% of the country. The output of canned asparagus is 19,300 tons, accounting for 42.61% of the country, both ranking first in the country. . Exported 78,305 tons of canned goods, earning US$104.76 million in foreign exchange. Due to the automatic detention order imposed by the United States on Chinese canned mushrooms, 15 of 26 companies lost money in 1990, with losses as high as 55.99 million yuan.
In February 1989, a food poisoning incident occurred in the United States. The US FDA stated that it was caused by staphylococcal enterotoxin contained in canned mushrooms exported from China to the United States. On October 13, the US FDA officially issued an "Import Alert", notifying local offices to automatically detain canned mushrooms and barreled salted mushrooms of various specifications from various canneries in my country, and reprocessing and sampling is not allowed. In order to strive for the U.S. FDA to lift its automatic detention order on Chinese canned mushrooms as soon as possible and resume exports of canned mushrooms from our province to the United States as soon as possible, under the leadership of the provincial government, the industry, trade, and inspection agencies worked closely together to organize seven canning factories exporting to the United States to carry out mushroom inspections. Investigation of sources of staphylococcal enterotoxin contamination in canned food. In November, the Provincial Light Industry, Commodity Inspection, and Microbiology Research Institute formed a test team to conduct a test to explore the source of Staphylococcus aureus contamination at the Fu'an Cannery Factory. After the Provincial Foreign Economic and Trade Commission obtained the consent of the Ministry of Economic and Trade, the provincial government decided to hire the American PHF Technical Consulting Company through Tianyuan Products Company to inspect and guide the production of canned mushrooms in our province. From November 1989 to 1993, the US FDA came to Fujian twice and the US PHF technical consulting company came to Fujian six times to conduct comprehensive inspections and guidance on mushroom cultivation, acquisition, transportation, processing and scientific research. Industry, trade, inspection (mainly light industry) and seven canneries exporting to the United States have made serious and arduous rectifications based on the opinions of FDA and PHF. Formulated the "Basic Requirements for Standardized Mushroom Production"; "Hygienic Cleaning and Disinfection Procedures and Methods for Canned Can Workshops"; formulated and unified the original records of canned food in the province (ten forms are available in Chinese and English); each factory also conducted separate inspections for operators Training on how to fill in original records; several sterilization, sealing and safety and health training courses (including safety and health training for new factory directors); each factory also formulated good operating practices, hazard analysis and critical control points HACCP. Production facilities that did not meet hygienic requirements were replaced, the processing technology was reformed, high-temperature and short-time sterilization processes were fully implemented, and automatic recorders were installed in all sterilizing pots. Some companies have installed automatic control devices for the sterilization constant temperature process, and conducted heat distribution measurements on all sterilizing pots in factories with export canning codes in the province.
In March 1990, canned mushrooms from Xiamen cannery entered the United States after being audited by the US PhF for production, sealing, sterilization and other original records. Subsequently, canned mushrooms from Putian, Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, Ningde, Sansha and Fuzhou canneries were successively audited and produced by PHF. After the original records of sealing, sterilization, etc., it was gradually entered into the United States. In 1993, production and exports returned to historical levels. From 1994 to 1995, 130,000 tons of canned mushrooms were processed and exported. In the 1995-1996 production season, 179,000 tons of canned mushrooms were produced, reaching a record high. The conditional release of canned mushrooms was maintained until 1998 when the U.S. Department of Commerce ruled on the anti-dumping case of canned mushrooms in China and imposed anti-dumping duties ranging from 126.16% to 198.63%.
In January 1998, the U.S. FDA came to Fujian again to inspect 11 U.S.-registered factories in Ningde, Putian, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zishan, and Pinghe. So far, the US FDA has visited Fujian six times, namely in November 1981, November 1984, November 1987, March 1990, the end of February 1992 and the beginning of February 3rd, 1998, and January 1998. The U.S. FDA did not lift the automatic detention order on Chinese canned mushrooms until March 2003, which lasted for 13 years and five months.
During the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" (1991-1995), the province's total output value of the canned industry was 3,291.25 million yuan, and the total canned output was 1,422,406 tons, accounting for 12% of the national canned 11,855,264 tons. The export delivery volume of canned goods was 316,810 tons, with a delivery value of 3,101.8 million yuan (converted to US$568.7891 million based on the exchange rate of the year). Among them, the delivery volume of canned mushrooms was 280,340 tons, with an export delivery value of 2,210.43 million yuan (converted to US$403,381,800 at the current exchange rate). The delivery volume of canned asparagus was 40,044 tons, with a delivery value of 336.27 million yuan (converted to US$62,878,300 at the current exchange rate). .)
In 1991, Nanjing Cannery Factory registered low-acid canned food with the US FDA.
From 1990 to 1992, he was entrusted by the Ministry of Light Industry to draft 10 canned industry product standards: mushroom meat paste, lychee in sugar water, coriander hearts, pork knuckles with mushrooms, five-spice diced pork, longan in sugar water, lychee juice, mung bean sprouts, braised pork ribs, and loquat in sugar water ( Nationwide). The "Requirements for New Export Canning Factories to Become Regular" were formulated and 15 temporary code-named export canning factories were assessed based on this to help new factories improve their basic management work and continuously improve the company's finished product qualification rate and export qualification rate.
In 1995, there were 253 canneries in Fujian Province, of which 43 were responsible for producing cans for export. The total output value of the province's canned industry is 2.15028 billion yuan (calculated at the same price as originally stipulated in 1990). The total canned output is 456,400 tons, accounting for 14.70% of the country's total canned output. The province's canned export (inspection) volume is 155,600 tons, of which The export (inspection) volume of canned mushrooms was 112,900 tons, accounting for 28.23% of the world trade volume of 400,000 tons, and the export (inspection) volume of canned asparagus was 27,400 tons, accounting for 18.27% of the world trade volume of 150,000 tons.
During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" (1996-2000), the total industrial output value of the canned industry at township level and above in the province was 11.614 billion yuan, and the total canned output was 1.7993 million tons, accounting for 17.29% of the national canned output of 10.4094 million tons. The export (inspection) volume of canned food was 880,700 tons, of which the export (inspection) volume of canned mushrooms was 548,800 tons and the export (inspection) volume of canned asparagus was 171,800 tons.
On September 29, 1997, the court ruled that Fuzhou Cannery was bankrupt. Except for the Xiamen and Putian canneries, the remaining state-owned export canneries are either contracted to individuals or leased.
In December 1998, the U.S. Department of Commerce made a final ruling on the anti-dumping case against China's canned mushrooms, ruling that China's dumping was established and levying anti-dumping duties of 126.16% to 198.63% on the canned mushrooms exported by Chinese domestic enterprises. After my country's anti-dumping response to canned mushrooms failed in 1999, exports of canned mushrooms from our province to the United States almost stopped.
In 1999, we were entrusted by the State Administration of Light Industry to draft national standards for canned mushroom products.
In 2000, the total output value of the province's canned industry was 2.573 billion yuan, and the total canned output was 267,800 tons, accounting for 15.03% of the country's total canned goods.
In the four years from 2001 to 2004, the province's canned industry achieved a total output value of approximately 14.8 billion yuan, with a total canned output of 1.7001 million tons, accounting for 17.53% of the country's total canned output of 9.6985 million tons. The actual export volume of canned goods was 1.1244 million tons, accounting for 18.79% of the country's total canned export volume of 5.9832 million tons, and earned US$867.9065 million in foreign exchange. Among them, the export volume of canned mushrooms was 485,500 tons, earning US$375.2528 million in foreign exchange, and the export volume of canned asparagus was 146,700 tons, earning US$139.3626 million in foreign exchange.
From 2000 to 2001, the Sansha Fishery Company cannery, Fu'an cannery, and Ningde regional cannery were closed one after another. Except for the Xiamen Canning Factory, most of the state-owned canning enterprises have gradually withdrawn from the canning industry. Of the 15 export canning factories approved in 1990, only two canning factories, Zishan and Longhai Linxia Forest Farm, were left. Some private enterprises also closed down one after another. In 2005, Zhangzhou Canned Food Factory also closed down. At this point, the mainly state-owned canneries in our province have become mainly privately owned.
In 2001, two companies in our province successfully appealed against anti-dumping cases on canned mushrooms exported to the United States. In 2001, the U.S. Department of Commerce decided to restrict the import and export of Chinese grain, oil and food products.The import company’s mushroom tariff will be set at zero starting from February 1, 2001. Because Fujian Yuxing Fruit and Vegetable Development Co., Ltd. is a holding company of China Cereals, Oils and Foods Import and Export Corporation, it also enjoys zero tariff treatment. On August 28, 2001, the U.S. Department of Commerce issued an announcement and decided to set the mushroom tariff of Lvxian Company (a self-operated export company established by Longhai Lvbao Food Co., Ltd.) at 19.87%. This makes the company one of the companies with lower tax rates for exporting mushrooms from my country to the United States. Fujian Yuxing Fruit and Vegetable Food Development Co., Ltd. is the largest mushroom production and export enterprise in the country. In the 2003-2004 production season, it produced more than 28,000 tons of canned mushrooms. Its products accounted for 30% of the U.S. market. With the export volume to the United States, During the review in 2004, the U.S. Department of Commerce originally planned to impose a higher tariff, but after China Cereals, Oils, Foodstuffs Import and Export Corporation actively responded to the appeal, it was finally set at 3.92%. During the review in 2005, China Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs Import and Export Corporation made another effort and finally set the tariff at 1.5%.
On April 5, 2005, Australian Customs announced an anti-dumping investigation into canned mushrooms imported from China. Xiamen Cannery and Fujian Zishan Group Co., Ltd. actively responded to the lawsuit.
2. Current status and characteristics of canning industry in Fujian Province
The canned industry in our province has developed rapidly. In 1954, it only produced 252 tons of cans. In the 40 years to 1994, a total of 2.678 million tons of cans were produced. By 2004, a total of 6.6438 million tons of cans were produced. In the ten years from 1994 to 2004, a total of 3.9658 million cans were produced. tons is 1.48 times that of the previous 40 years. For many years, our province's canned exports have ranked first in the country. In particular, canned mushroom exports account for about 80% of the country's total, and canned asparagus exports have also ranked first in the country for many years. Our province's products have a wide range of sales and are mainly sold to more than 120 countries and regions in six continents including Asia, Europe and America.
In 2004, there were 104 canning enterprises above designated size in the province, and 48 canning enterprises had code names. The main body of the enterprise is a private enterprise. The main products are canned mushrooms and other edible fungi, canned asparagus, and canned water bamboo shoots. The province's total canned production in 2004 was 633,100 tons, an increase of 32.61% over 2003. The export volume of canned food was 359,000 tons, ranking second in the country after Xinjiang (363,000 tons). Among them, canned mushrooms exported nearly 210,000 tons, ranking first in the country, canned asparagus 37,400 tons, canned bamboo shoots 46,100 tons, canned lychees 15,000 tons, and canned pork 12,700 tons. Companies with an annual output of more than 10,000 tons include Xiamen Yinlu Food Co., Ltd., Xiamen Canned Food Co., Ltd., Fujian Zishan Group Co., Ltd., Fujian Yuxing Fruit and Vegetable Food Development Co., Ltd., Pinghe Baofeng Canned Food Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou Gangchang Food Co., Ltd., There are 10 companies including Zhangzhou Lixing Canned Food Co., Ltd., Longhai Lubao Food Co., Ltd., Jinfa Food Industry (Longhai) Co., Ltd., and Fujian Jinfa Industrial Co., Ltd.
The main features of the canned industry in our province are:
1. Pay attention to the construction of raw material bases
Since 1966, the provincial government, prefecture (city) and county authorities have attached great importance to the construction of raw material bases, made full use of natural and geographical advantages, and formulated a series of economic policies to support the development of mushroom and asparagus production and a set of scientific development methods to make mushrooms and asparagus Canned asparagus has achieved sustained and stable development. The province's mushroom cultivation area has expanded to more than 30 million square meters, with an average yield of nearly 10㎏/㎡. The output of canned mushrooms is nearly 210,000 tons, and the highest output of canned asparagus has reached 48,000 tons.
In 1981, the provincial government approved and forwarded the province's third mushroom production conference with Minzheng (1981) Document No. 375, and included mushroom planting area and canning processing in the special plan of the Provincial Planning Commission. At the same time, the province's mushroom production organization leading organization and a mushroom scientific research and technology promotion network at the provincial, prefectural (city) and county levels were established to solve scientific and technological funds, stipulate the extraction and use methods of mushroom technology improvement fees, and promote the improvement of bacterial strains. , unify, and implement intensive and factory-based mushroom cultivation on the basis of standardized cultivation. Mushroom raw materials implement a relatively fixed supply method of "slicing and fixed points". Each factory has set up a raw material base department to initiate and guide the production of raw materials within the designated points. In 1990, the standard complex for mushroom strains and canned mushrooms (Fujian Provincial Local Standard) was formulated, and won the first prize for provincial standard measurement technology progress. The standard includes 8 sub-standards including Agaricus bisporus strains, Agaricus bisporus cultivation procedures, fresh mushroom purchasing procedures, fresh mushrooms, canned mushrooms and empty cans technical procedures, canned mushrooms empty cans, canned mushrooms full cans, and canned mushrooms. , there are standards to follow from mushroom selection, cultivation, acquisition, processing, and finished products. On April 1, 1990, the Provincial People's Congress legislated and promulgated the "Fujian Province Mushroom Spawn Management Regulations", which brought the introduction, breeding, seed production, and seed supply into the legal track, reversing the chaotic situation of mushroom strains. Mushroom scientific research has jumped to the leading position in the country, and the selection and breeding technology has reached the international level. The mushroom strains selected and created by the mushroom strain promotion station in our province are the only strains with independent intellectual property rights among all strains in our province, and are currently the only ones grown nationwide. Common main strains of mushrooms. The breeding of excellent canned mushroom strains won the third prize of the National Technological Progress Award.
In order to encourage farmers to plant asparagus, the provincial government issued (80) Comprehensive Document No. 957 in the early 1980s to support asparagus production, which stipulated that within the first two years after planting, 1.2 kilograms of raw grain and chemical fertilizers would be rewarded for every kilogram of first-grade asparagus purchased. 6 taels, 1 jin of second-grade products, 8 taels of raw grain for sale as prizes, and 4 taels of chemical fertilizers (the grains and fertilizers for sale as prizes are all supplied at par prices), and loans will be provided to farmers in difficulty, and then installments will be made within 3 years after the asparagus is purchased. Deducting asparagus from the payment for asparagus (this policy has been implemented for several years) has led to the continuous expansion of asparagus bases. At the most, the asparagus planting area in Dongshan County was 48,000 acres, and in Zhangpu County, it was 38,000 acres.
In addition, our province is also a key bamboo production area in the country. There are nearly 200 species of bamboos in 19 genera in the province, with a bamboo forest area of 13.41 million acres, ranking first in the country. In 2003, our province produced 1.5 million tons of fresh bamboo shoots, accounting for 62.5% of the country's 2.4 million tons. It is also rich in citrus, longan, lychee, loquat, olive, etc. The fruit area and output both rank sixth in the country. The per capita fruit possession is 2.2 times the national average, ranking second in the country. From the 1960s to the mid-1970s, the Provincial Planning Commission took the lead in organizing supply and marketing cooperatives, industry, transportation departments, foreign trade, etc. to be jointly responsible for the distribution of lychees, longans, raw materials, canned processing and export, which played a role in expanding the export of canned fruits, bamboo shoots, etc. enhancement.
In recent years, qualified companies have begun to cultivate their own raw material bases. For example, Zishan Group has started from the source and vigorously promoted "order farming". It has adopted the "company + base + farmers" business model and has successively established operations in Longhai, Zhangpu, Dongshan and other counties (cities) have established 19 production bases for mushrooms, asparagus, and shiitake mushrooms. Zishan Group Co., Ltd. has become the largest canned asparagus manufacturer in the country. In order to obtain stable and high-quality raw materials, Yinlu Food Co., Ltd. has successively opened order agricultural bases in Shandong, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Jianning County, Fujian, Ninghua, Jiangsu and other places across the country.
2. Rely on technological progress and strengthened management to improve the overall quality of the enterprise.
Since the introduction of the country's first high-frequency resistance welding machine (Swiss Soderoni) empty can production line, stand-alone machine and can lid manufacturing equipment with the internationally advanced level of the 1980s in the country in 1981, the whole industry has adopted high-frequency resistance welding. Production lines, by the 1990s, a total of 18 resistance welding production lines for large and small cans had been introduced. Some companies were also equipped with M16 and 600-850 can/min high-speed sealing machines, can lid waveform shearing machines, 35-ton, 45-ton can lid automatic Punch machines, automatic glue coating machines and glue baking equipment have brought the level of empty can manufacturing in our province to a higher level and ensured the sealing performance of cans. After the 1990s, professional can factories such as Tuping and Liantian, as well as Fujian Tongyi Tinplate Co., Ltd., emerged one after another, which fundamentally guaranteed the quality of empty cans in our province. The graders, precooking machines, and directional slicers used in mushroom production in the can workshop have been fully updated, and the use of vibration washing machines, steam injection glass bottle sealing machines, metal detectors, can drying production lines, automatic labeling machines and other equipment has been promoted. Xiamen Cannery has introduced internationally advanced luncheon meat production lines and automatic temperature-controlled frying equipment. The eight-treasure porridge production line of Xiamen Yinlu Food Co., Ltd. is the fastest production line in China. The main equipment is imported from Sweden, the United States and Taiwan. It has computerized automatic temperature control raw material finishing equipment, automatic can unloading machine, automatic feeding machine, and filling and sealing machine. Etc., from feeding, filling, sealing, automatic computer-controlled sterilization, to automatic cartoning, packaging and delivery are all automated and continuous. It adopts raw material canning and rolling sterilization new technology, and can produce 800 cans of eight-treasure porridge per minute. , becoming one of the largest eight-treasure porridge manufacturers in the country. Some companies, such as Fujian Yuxing Fruit, Vegetable and Food Development Co., Ltd., have introduced computer networks within the company and achieved integrated management of supply chain management, decision support, warehousing and logistics, and financial monitoring through software management. Since the 1990s, the canning industry in our province has comprehensively implemented GMP good operating practices, unified and standardized original records, implemented all-staff training for new export canning factories, reformed processing techniques, and adopted high-temperature and short-term sterilization processes. Many companies have adopted fully automatic control sterilization. device, and conduct heat distribution measurements on the sterilization pots of all code-named factories in the province. The vast majority of canning companies have passed ISO9000 series certification, SSOP, HACCP hazard analysis and critical control point certification or demonstration. Many companies have also passed various international certifications, such as the German IFS "International Food Supplier Standard" certification, the British BRC "British Retailer Product Standard" certification and SGS (Swiss General Notary Service, which is engaged in inspection, testing, quality assurance (a well-known international organization with certification) certification, etc., 33 canneries such as Yuxing, Xiacan, Pucan, Pinghe, and Lvbao are registered in the United States, 26 canneries such as Zishan and Longhai Jinfa are registered in the United States, and Xiamen Meat cans in cans, Zhang cans and Pu cans are registered in Singapore. Establish and improve the quality management system to continuously improve the overall quality of the enterprise. In 2002, three enterprises in our province, Xiamen Can Factory, Xiamen Yinlu Food Co., Ltd., and Zishan Group Co., Ltd., entered the top ten enterprises in China's canning industry.
3. Strive to create and enhance brand value
Brand has become the most important driving force for the development of corporate value. In order to find their own position in the domestic and international economic arena. Xiamen Cannery has been creating its own Cologne brand since 1994. In 2005, the "Gulong" brand meat cans were promoted to "China Famous Brand Products". The Cologne trademark has been registered in more than 60 countries (regions) and its products are sold in more than 80 countries. countries and regions. Xiamen Cannery has become the largest canned braised meat production plant in the country. Yinlu Food Co., Ltd.'s "Peanut Milk" and "Milk Peanut" won the title of "China Famous Brand Products", and the Yinlu trademark was recognized by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce as "China's Well-known Trademarks", "China's Top Ten Publicly Favorite Trademarks", and "National Key Protection" trademark". The "Zishan" trademark of Zishan Group Company was awarded the title of "Fujian Province Famous Trademark", and the Lantian brand of Fujian Yuxing Fruit and Vegetable Development Co., Ltd. has been successfully registered in the United States and has been sold in large quantities.
3. Some suggestions to solve existing problems
1. Build an honest industry environment and guide the development of industries and enterprises with the concept of harmonyIn recent years, low-price competition and vicious competition have become the "pain" of the industry. It has caused the industry's trade environment to continue to deteriorate, overall profits to be lost, corporate economic benefits to be low, equipment and products to be difficult to upgrade, and various technical barriers to trade around the world. Poor capabilities have also triggered endless anti-dumping in many countries, seriously affecting the stable and healthy development of the canned industry in our province. Therefore, it is crucial to formulate business rules and regulations, raise awareness of honest and law-abiding operations, create a good market order and an honest and trustworthy industry atmosphere, make it difficult for dishonest enterprises to operate, and build a relaxed and pleasant environment for survival and development. It is necessary to organize and guide enterprises to consciously abide by industry rules and regulations, and through full consultation, guide enterprises to jointly formulate and gradually take the initiative in pricing products. For some bad apples that undermine the principle of fair trade and harm the interests of the industry, it is recommended to establish a warning list of bad behaviors in the canned industry. And publish it on relevant websites and media.
2. Create a famous brand and establish an efficient marketing network
There are many small and medium-sized enterprises in the canned industry in our province, and the awareness of brand creation is weak. So far, our province's canned fruit and vegetable products (except for the "Gulong" brand) do not have their own famous brands and well-known trademarks, and they are basically sold under other people's brands. Enterprises have invested a lot of manpower and material resources, but only received a fraction of the profits. At the same time, they are controlled by others and leave their destiny in the hands of others. They have no say in the market, resulting in weak competitiveness of enterprises and products that can easily be replaced by other similar products. The inability to compete with foreign brand-name products is also related to the company's ability to upgrade. It is recommended that large enterprises should implement the famous brand strategy, create their own brands, shape a good image of the enterprise, change the quantity growth mode to the brand and value growth mode, use product innovation to extend the brand, make full use of the brand effect, and expand domestic and foreign markets. market share. Capable enterprises should directly participate in international competition, avoid and reduce intermediate links, and directly link up with large foreign customers and supermarkets. You can also form a trading company abroad through strong alliances between enterprises, and have your own territory in international competition, leaving you more room for survival and development.
3. Standardize the production of raw materials and recommend the establishment of a super-large fruit and vegetable (wholesale) trading center.
After the mid-1990s, the effective three-level network of provincial (city) and county strain promotion stations gradually disappeared. The "Mushroom Spawn and Canned Mushroom Complex" standard has not been revised after its expiration date. Agriculture is decentralized and it is difficult for individual farmers to bear the technical costs of improving agricultural products; raw materials are grown without GMP good cultivation practices, and finished product specifications are not standardized and standardized, making it difficult for the varieties, quality, and specifications of agricultural and sideline products to adapt to canned production and automated and continuous production. Need; without specialized agricultural product testing departments and testing instruments, it is unable to cope with the increasingly stringent requirements of the international market for food safety and hygiene, pesticide residues, heavy metal content, microbial indicators, and standards. At the same time, the processing industry and the planting industry cannot guarantee the supply of raw materials according to the needs of the market, which affects the production, sales and export of canned food, and restricts the development of the canned food industry. It is recommended that relevant departments should help farmers establish farmers' associations, and government departments should establish projects or encourage capable companies to establish international-level modern agricultural product logistics centers, namely super-large fruit and vegetable (wholesale) trading centers, in canned processing centers, and introduce advanced technology and equipment. Such as the introduction of controlled atmosphere fresh-keeping cold storage, fruit and vegetable photoelectric sorting lines, large LED displays, distribution centers and fruit and vegetable testing centers. The center or farmers' association can serve as a bridge between farmers and enterprises. On the one hand, it helps farmers establish pollution-free green production bases. On the other hand, it can directly provide canning enterprises with fresh, high-quality, uniform specifications, safe and hygienic agricultural and sideline products on time.
In view of the increasing international attention to the environmental factors of food origin and the intensified competition in the food industry, qualified enterprises should establish their own raw material bases, "make good use of the environment, produce good food", and implement standardized agricultural and standardized production. Solve the problem of raw materials for canning processing.
4. Increase investment in research and development to create comprehensive competitiveness of products and enterprises.
Currently, R&D investment by companies in developed countries such as Europe and the United States accounts for 15 to 20% of sales. However, the vast majority of canning companies in our province have no investment. Most companies do not have internal R&D centers, lack high-tech with independent intellectual property rights, and have homogeneous products. The industry is still dominated by canned mushrooms and asparagus. The production of various varieties is not automated and continuous. It does not have its own brand and has low ability to withstand market risks, which seriously affects the future competitiveness of canned companies in our province. Canned companies in our province should pay attention to investment in technological transformation, speed up the automation and continuity of production lines, pay attention to human capital, increase investment and intensity in research and development, enhance innovation and creative market capabilities, reserve upgraded products with good prospects, and improve product quality and added value. , reduce the production of low-end products with low prices and low profits, implement the famous brand strategy, and strive to build the comprehensive competitiveness of products and enterprises.
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